The following is from the HumanTruth.info website. I think the idea of a Theory is very important to understand… so read on, folks!
“The building-block of science is the theory. New data results in new theories, and theories create experiments that are designed to test them, resulting in new data. The cyclic processes propels science forwards. Any new theory must displace an old one, and therefore needs abundant evidence in its favour; no-one will abandon the standing theory without good reason.
A common criticism of theories of evolution and of the big bang is that “they are only theories”. However, they misunderstand what the word “theory” means. A scientific theory that explains the facts well is accepted; whereas one that doesn’t is rejected. That something “is only a theory” does not effect whether it is accurate or not. Some example theories include the theory of gravity, and the theory that the Earth orbits the Sun. Clearly, the evidence is more important than the theory.
“New theories are first of all necessary when we encounter new facts which cannot be “explained” by existing theories.
” Albert Einstein (1950)
The best thing about theories is that when new evidence comes to light, new theories arise to replace or modify the old ones. Bertrand Russell states, “theories, if they are important, can generally be revived in a new form after being refuted as originally stated. Refutations [...] in most cases [are] only a prelude to further refinements” [1946, p69]. Some theories however, are unsalvageable and are completely abandoned. This way, science continues to explain reality as accurately as we can. Theories that deny that new theories could replace them – such as those that religious conservatives propound, are deluded. In the search for truth, it is essential to dogmatically stick to the assumption that whatever you think you know could actually be wrong. In that sense, the only correct way to search for truth is to know that everything is a theory, and nothing is absolute fact. In this way, human error is most readily corrected.
Russell (1935) explains how science begins from initial observations and continually builds until major theories are brought to general acceptance through long periods of practical trial and error.
“Science starts, not from large assumptions but from particular facts discovered by observation or experiment. From a number of such facts a general rule is arrived at, of which, if it is true, the facts in questions are instances. This rule is not positively asserted, but is accepted, to begin with, as a working hypothesis. If it is correct, certain hitherto unobserved phenomenon will take place in certain circumstances. If it is found that they do take place, that so far confirms the hypothesis; if they do not, the hypothesis must be discarded and a new one must be invented. However many facts are found to fit the hypothesis, that does not make it certain, although in the end it may come to be thought of in a high degree probable; in that case, it is called a theory rather than a hypothesis.” Religion and Science” by Bertrand Russell.”
Not bad, huh?
This is how we learn. This is how information is transfered. This is how we FIND THINGS OUT!
Anyone who simply asserts truth without admitting that their ‘truth’ is really just a theory with a given degree of probability may be considered unreliable, and even dangerous, because the outcome of their assertion could be the spoiling of the human learning process if it gains popular momentum.
-Ben